比丘

比丘
[lang id =1028]比呼; [lang id =1028]苾芻; [lang id =1028]煏芻 (sa) bhikṣu, a religious mendicant, an almsman, one who has left home, been fully ordained, and depends on alms for a living. Some are styled [lang id =1028]乞士 mendicant scholars, all are [lang id =1028]釋種 Śākya-seed, offspring of Buddha. The Chinese characters are clearly used as a phonetic equivalent, but many attempts have been made to give meanings to the two words, e. g. [lang id =1028]比 as [lang id =1028]破 and [lang id =1028]丘 as [lang id =1028]煩惱, hence one who destroys the passions and delusions, also [lang id =1028]悕能 able to overawe Māra and his minions; also [lang id =1028]除饉 to get rid of dearth, moral and spiritual. Two kinds [lang id =1028]內乞 and [lang id =1028]外乞; both indicate self-control, the first by internal mental or spiritual methods, the second by externals such as strict diet. [lang id =1028]苾芻 is a fragrant plant, emblem of the monastic life.
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◆梵語比丘, 華言乞士。 乞是乞求之名, 士是清雅之稱。 謂出家之人, 上乞法以資慧命, 下乞食以資色身, 故名乞士。 ◆梵語比丘, 華言乞士。 乞是乞求之名, 士是清雅之稱, 謂上乞法以資慧命, 下乞食以資色身, 淨命自活, 福利眾生, 破憍慢心, 謙下自卑, 以成清雅之德也。 (淨命者, 以清淨之食, 自活其命也。 ) ◆梵語比丘, 華言乞土。 謂上乞法以資慧命, 下乞食以資以色身也。 亦名苾芻, 蓋苾芻, 雪山香草名, 草有五義, 以喻比丘五德。 (五義五德者, 一體性柔軟義, 喻比丘折伏身語麤獷之德; 二引蔓旁布義, 喻比丘度人不絕之德; 三馨香遠聞義, 喻比丘戒香芬馥之德; 四能療疼痛義, 喻比丘能斷煩惱之德; 五不背日光義, 喻比丘常向佛日之德也。 )
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出家受具足戒者的通稱, 男的叫比丘, 女的叫比丘尼。 比丘含有三義, 即一、 乞士, 就是一面向社會群眾乞化飲食, 以資維持色身, 一面又向慈悲的佛陀乞化法食, 以資長養法身。 二、 破惡, 此惡是指心中的種種煩惱而言, 出家人修戒定慧三學, 撲滅貪瞋痴等煩惱, 以便達到了生脫死的目的。 三、 怖魔, 六欲天的天魔希望一切的眾生皆為魔子魔孫, 永遠受他的控制, 可是出家的佛弟子目的卻在跳出三界, 以解脫為期, 大家都很認真修行, 不為天魔外道所擾亂, 於是魔宮震動, 魔王怖畏起來, 故謂之怖魔。

Dictionary of Buddhist terms. 2013.

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